In the numerical control lathe processing, especially for just contact or a beginner, often appear abnormal situation, these sudden abnormal situation occurs, light damage to the cutting tool, workpiece scrapped, the person that weigh damage machine chuck and electric tool post, seriously affect the accuracy of machine tools, and even hurt the operator safety. Aiming at problems in operation under the analysis of its causes and prevention and solution, for everybody reference.

1 programming
Feeding line, So-called feed line that is in accordance with the requirements of drawings, process single processing route is determined, to ensure the accuracy of the size and location of the parts, and choose the appropriate processing sequence and the clamping method.In the process of its sure, pay attention to the following the first rough then essence, first far, cross inside and outside, such as general principles, after nearly programming artifacts allowance should be taken into consideration, to avoid the accident.
Meet in artifacts in the groove need to processing, should pay attention to when programming in a point-to-point should with vertical groove direction, not to "G0" feed speed, avoid hitting the tool in the workpiece.
, common thread machining tool starting location to the same, "X" axis coordinates to the same starting point, to avoid disorderly buckle and taper thread.
, when the choice must pay attention to the cutting point, enter - knife can't bump artifacts, back - knife should leave artifacts.
When cutting to avoid "G0" instructions "X, Z" mobile use at the same time, such as:
G0 X100 Z100;
Should be changed to:
G0 X100;
Z100;
Or two to complete.
F value is too large in "G01 instruction" in the two situations may arise, it is a machine tool, servo system alarm, 2 it is tool movement speed is very fast (more than G0), a crash.Causes the program began in turn feed (FANUC system is G99, CASNUC system is G95 901 t), and in the following program according to the points into to compile a "F00, F200", etc., once the program execution will appear above the accident.
, tool change when programming note should give enough space tool, boring cutter, in particular, to the actual measurement on machine tool in cutting point.In case of workpiece is longer than the top support, more should pay special attention to.
2 machine tool numerical control system itself
Due process for various operation, such as input knife, inserted into the program, after the execution of delete operations such as overmuch, make the ram chips PMA in executable program, system error, X or Z appeared to throw step, cause a crash.
An EPROM chip, system mainboard or drive plate element has the damage, caused the executable program error.To avoid the problem, often should check the machine system, looking for professionals to solve if it is abnormal.
3 wrong operation
, operating personnel to specific meaning not familiar with the keyboard function keys, unskilled operation, function parameter error of nc machine tools to modify, easy to cause crashes and other accidents.
Fill in the input, a knife, sometimes no. "+" lose "-", "1.75" lose "175",
Frequently, after the machine start cutting tool directly on the workpiece and the chuck, workpiece scrap, tool damage, machine tool chuck crash accidents, etc.
Back to zero or back to the reference point, the order should be after the first X axis Z axis direction, if the order is wrong, small machine tool apron and machine tailstock collided.
Solution: beginners are not fully understand the machine function as far as possible do not modify the machine before function parameters, must make clear the basic principle.Should be in strict accordance with the operational procedures, input program or knife complement values should be checked after rear can operate.
4 machine itself mechanical failure
Stepper motor mechanical failure, or the stepping motor of wire is pulled in the operation, step motor and ball screw connection between the pin fall off, between the motor and dragging plate moving out of sync, or a foreign body in the screw (such as cutting, etc.) caused by two axes in one direction fixed or moving slowly, makes the machine crashes.Operation should be view its color, listen to the sound, found abnormal processing, machine tool guideway and screw should be cleaned after operation.
May be a little special emphasis is to coordinate system
CNC lathe has three coordinates the machine coordinate system, programming and the workpiece coordinate system.Mechanical origin of coordinate system is the production factory in the manufacture of the machine tools, fixed coordinate system origin, also calls the mechanical zero point.It is when the machine assembly and debugging have been identified, is the benchmark for the machine tool processing.Machine coordinate system is in use by the reference point to determine, machine tool system starts, to return reference point operation, the machine coordinate system is established.Coordinate system is set up, as long as you don't cut off the power supply, the system will not change.Programming coordinate system is used in programming, a we put the Z axis with workpiece axis, the X axis on the workpiece end face.Workpiece coordinate system is used in machine tool for processing, it should be consistent with the programming coordinate system.Can make programming coordinate system and the work is consistent, the key to the operation.Beginners tend to have a false understanding (or view), CNC lathe operation have no what, programming, simulation program after no problem, the basic mechanism to understand, you can get started operation, in fact, not the machine coordinate system (reference point), programming coordinate system, under the condition of workpiece coordinate system to fully understand this is very dangerous, the coordinate system we have in the context of "introduction to numerical control lathe coordinate system made detailed elaboration, and no longer.
6 the conclusion
Should give priority to in order to prevent a crash phenomenon.Should first make the operation personnel familiar with the various operating system, system function keys should master, can skilled operation;So in the operation, reduce mistakes, reducing the probability of wrong operation to a low;Characteristics for beginners start to use the system, should be controlled operation steps, step by step, to avoid mistakes;Programming, operators shall be carried out according to the working characteristics;The blade and back to zero sequence is first back to X, or Z to the back, should according to determine the shape of the workpiece and the processing position;The operator should pay attention to machine maintenance;After the usual processing, screw, guide rail should be wiped clean, avoid cutting chip solution and other sundry sandwiched between ball screw and guide rail, cause processing error, damage guide rail, affect processing.